Pleurotus mushrooms, commonly known as oyster mushrooms, are a group of edible fungi, that belong to the genus Pleurotus, basidiomycete fungi. They are found commonly on decayed wood, on tree trunks, and on partially decomposed organic matter. Pleurotus is a commercially important mushroom and is widely cultivated throughout the world. These mushrooms are cultivated due to their popularity in culinary applications, mild, savory flavor, and versatile cooking properties. Pleurotus ostreatus is the second cultivated and most popular edible mushroom after Agaricus bisporus worldwide.
The production of Pleurotus mushrooms alone accounts for around 25% of that total cultivated mushroom globally. In America and Europe, Pleurotus species are considered specialty mushrooms, whereas, in Korea, their cultivation is economically profitable. These are some of the highly consumed species. Pleurotus species are predominantly found in tropical forests and often grow on fallen branches, dead and decaying tree stumps, and wet logs. Biographical studies have shown that the Pleurotus genus is among the more conspicuous fungi that induce wood decay in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide due to its formidable lignin-modifying enzymes, including laccase and versatile peroxidases.
Morphology. These mushrooms can be recognized by their distinctive fan or oyster-shaped caps, which can range in color from white to shades of gray, brown, or even pink. The caps are usually smooth and may have a somewhat velvety texture.
These are collected from the wild and cultivated due to the following properties.
Aroma and Taste, Oyster mushrooms are good in taste and have a mild flavor.
Nutritional Value: Oyster mushrooms are a good source of various nutrients, including protein, dietary fiber, vitamins (particularly B vitamins like niacin and riboflavin), and minerals like potassium, phosphorus, and selenium. They are also relatively low in calories and fat. Pleurotus mushrooms are considered healthy because of their richness in proteins, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Pleurotus mushrooms are consumed as a functional food as they have an attractive taste and aroma, and nutritional and medicinal value.
Culinary uses: Oyster mushrooms are highly prized in the culinary world for their versatility, beautiful taste and flavor. They can be used in a variety of dishes, including stir-fries, soups, pasta dishes, and as a meat substitute in vegetarian and vegan recipes. They have a tender texture when cooked and can absorb the flavors of the ingredients they are cooked with.
Cultivation of Oyster. Pleurotus can be grown easily at home and outdoors using straw, wood chips, or even coffee grounds. They are considered one of the easier mushroom varieties to cultivate at home
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